Penulis:

Kresna Ningsih Manik, S.S., M. Hum. C. Ed

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The effect of inter-marriage, including inter-ethnic marriage, the most-spoken language use of dominant community’ in social interactions affect Pakpaknese tribe social life in many aspects especially to their attitude towards their ethnic language determining their ethnic language survival. Attitude towards language completely determines language maintenance, language shift, language loss or even language death.

 The inter-marriage phenomenon is one of many challenges which examine the language maintenance whether the language will maintain or shift by its speakers (Fishman, 1972). Someone having intermarriage will face the condition in which she or he will decide what language they are going to use as everyday delivery language at family domain, whether they are going to keep using their language or their couple’s language, they are going to be more confused if their couple’ language is the most dominantly and commonly spoken in which they inhabit, for some people willing or unwilling they begin to study their couple’s language.

   This phenomenon occurs to Pakpaknese tribe people having inter-ethnic marriage tha it is going to affect their attitude towards their ethnic language maintenance. If they would like their ethnic language maintained, they have to have positive attitude to their own ethnic language by way to keep using it in daily life. In fact, the inter-marriage phenomenon including the inter-ethnic marriage gives the great influence to the language shift or language maintenance of the two people having inter-ethnic marriage. If one of the languages of the two people having inter-marriage is chosen as the leading language or because the language itself is the dominantly spoken or commonly spoken, then it is going to affect other ethnic language maintenance or even brings it behind which is hard to control. On one side, it is actually leads the Pakpaknese tribe community to get positive, such as ease them to get closer to the clan of the couple with whom they get married, in order to build a good relationship with other ethnics that will be able to ease them to be accepted in the clan of their couple, and in order can keep maintaining during live in area of dominant community if the area they live is densely populated by the clan of their couple, but on the other side, it also supports negative effect to Pakpaknese tribe especially for Pakpaknese tribe who live in Sumbul Pegagan, they become apathetic to the use of Pakpaknese tribe ethnic language, and shows their life style which are not suitable anymore to Pakpaknese tribe’ norms.